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Bukatar karuwar buƙatun sadarwa ta wayar hannu ya haifar da ci gaba da fitowar fasahar mara waya (G), wanda zai iya yin tasiri daban-daban akan tsarin ilimin halitta.Don gwada wannan, mun fallasa berayen zuwa bayyanar da kai guda ɗaya zuwa 4G juyin halitta na dogon lokaci (LTE) -1800 MHz filin lantarki (EMF) na sa'o'i 2. Sa'an nan kuma muka tantance tasirin lipopolysaccharide spain lipopoly. da electrophysiological neuronal ayyuka a cikin primary auditory cortex (ACx) .Matsakaicin SAR a ACx shine 0.5 W/kg. Rikodi na raka'a da yawa ya nuna cewa LTE-EMF yana haifar da raguwa a cikin ƙarfin amsawa ga sautuna masu tsabta da sauti na halitta, yayin da karuwa a cikin ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta sun nuna rashin daidaituwa. Jiki da matakai.A cikin berayen lafiya, bayyanar LTE iri ɗaya bai haifar da canje-canje a cikin ƙarfin amsawa da ƙaramar murya ba.Bayananmu sun nuna cewa ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna haɓaka neurons zuwa LTE-EMF, wanda ya haifar da canjin sarrafa kayan motsa jiki a cikin ACx.
Yanayin lantarki na ɗan adam ya canza sosai a cikin shekaru talatin da suka gabata saboda ci gaba da fadada hanyoyin sadarwa mara igiyar waya. A halin yanzu, fiye da kashi biyu bisa uku na yawan jama'a ana ɗaukar masu amfani da wayar hannu (MP).Yaɗawar wannan fasaha ya haifar da damuwa da muhawara game da yiwuwar haɗari masu haɗari na filayen lantarki na lantarki (EMFs) a cikin tashoshin rediyo (RF) na jama'a (RF) ta hanyar sadarwar kiwon lafiya. Yawancin nazarin gwaje-gwajen da aka keɓe don bincikar tasirin shayarwar rediyo a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta1. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan binciken sun nemi canje-canje a cikin ayyukan cibiyar sadarwa na neuronal da hanyoyin fahimtar juna, da aka ba da kusanci da kwakwalwa zuwa tushen RF a ƙarƙashin yawan amfani da MP. Yawancin binciken da aka ruwaito yana magance tasirin siginar da aka tsara na bugun jini da aka yi amfani da su a cikin tsarin sadarwa na biyu (2G) mai yawa na tsarin sadarwa na duniya (2G). (WCDMA)/tsari na uku na tsarin sadarwa na wayar hannu na duniya (WCDMA/3G UMTS)2,3,4,5.An san kadan game da tasirin siginar mitar rediyo da ake amfani da su a cikin sabis na wayar hannu na ƙarni na huɗu (4G), waɗanda ke dogaro da fasahar ka'idar Intanet ta Intanet gabaɗaya da ake kira Long Term Evolution (LTE) fasahar zamani. An ƙaddamar da shi a cikin sabis na LTE6 na LTE6. Janairu 2022 (GSMA: //gsacom.com) .Idan aka kwatanta da tsarin GSM (2G) da WCDMA (3G) dangane da tsare-tsaren gyaran fuska guda ɗaya, LTE yana amfani da Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) azaman siginar siginar asali6.A duk duniya, sabis na wayar hannu LTE suna amfani da kewayon nau'ikan mitoci daban-daban tsakanin 4500 da 3MHz0 MHz, gami da 4500 MHz da 3 MHz 0 MHz. Hakanan ana amfani da bandeji a GSM.
Ƙarfin bayyanar RF don rinjayar hanyoyin nazarin halittu an ƙaddara shi ne ta hanyar ƙayyadaddun shayarwa (SAR) da aka bayyana a cikin W/kg, wanda ke auna makamashin da aka sha a cikin kwayoyin halitta. Sakamakon m na minti 30 na kai ga 2.573 GHz LTE sigina akan ayyukan cibiyar sadarwar neuronal na duniya an bincika kwanan nan a cikin masu aikin sa kai na ɗan adam lafiya.Yin amfani da fMRI na hutawa na jihar, ana iya lura da jinkirin da aka samu a cikin fMRI. sauye-sauye a cikin haɗin kai ko tsakanin yanki, yayin da matsakaicin matsakaicin matakan SAR sama da 10 g na nama an kiyasta su bambanta tsakanin 0.42 da 1.52 W/kg, bisa ga jigogi 7, 8, 9.EEG bincike a ƙarƙashin yanayin fallasa irin wannan (tsawon minti 30, ƙididdige matakin SAR na 1.34 W/kg a nan yana nuna ƙarfin ƙarfin ikon ɗan adam). A cikin alpha da beta bands.Duk da haka, wasu binciken guda biyu dangane da binciken EEG sun gano cewa 20 ko 30 mintuna na bayyanar kai na LTE, tare da matsakaicin matakan SAR na gida da aka saita a kusa da 2 W / kg, ko dai ba shi da wani tasiri mai ganewa11 ko kuma ya haifar da ikon gani a cikin alpha band ya ragu, yayin da cognition bai canza ba a cikin aikin da aka tantance tare da Stroop gwajin bambance-bambance a cikin binciken 12. musamman kallon tasirin bayyanar GSM ko UMTS EMF. Ana tsammanin za su taso ne daga bambance-bambancen ƙirar hanya da sigogin gwaji, gami da nau'in sigina da daidaitawa, ƙarfin bayyanar da tsawon lokaci, ko daga nau'ikan abubuwan da suka shafi ɗan adam dangane da shekaru, jiki, ko jinsi.
Ya zuwa yanzu, an yi amfani da ƙananan nazarin dabba don sanin yadda bayyanar da siginar LTE ke shafar aikin kwakwalwa. An ba da rahoton kwanan nan cewa bayyanar cututtuka na ƙwayoyin cuta masu tasowa daga ƙarshen lokacin haihuwa zuwa yaye (30 min / rana, 5 days / mako, tare da SAR gaba ɗaya na 0.5 ko 1 W / kg) ya haifar da canza yanayin motsa jiki da tsarin ci abinci a kowace rana 6. Makonni) a cikin berayen manya an samo su don haifar da danniya mai iskar oxygen da rage girman abubuwan da aka haifar da gani daga jijiya na gani, tare da matsakaicin SAR da aka kiyasta ya zama ƙasa da 10 mW/kg15.
Baya ga bincike a ma'auni da yawa, gami da salon salula da matakan ƙwayoyin cuta, ana iya amfani da samfuran rodent don nazarin tasirin bayyanar RF yayin cutar, kamar yadda aka mayar da hankali kan GSM ko WCDMA/3G UMTS EMF a cikin mahallin m neuroinflammation. Nazarin ya nuna sakamakon kamawa, cututtukan neurodegenerative ko gliomas 16,17,18,19,20.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -injected rodents su ne classic preclinical model na m neuroinflammatory martani hade da m cututtuka lalacewa ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta ko kwayoyin cuta da suka shafi mafi yawan jama'a a kowace shekara.Wannan kumburi jihar take kaiwa zuwa wani reversible cuta da depressive hali ciwo halin da zazzabi, asarar ci, da kuma rage zaman jama'a hulda da jama'a CNS Resident key kumburi kamar yadda CNS sel CNS. Amsa.Maganin rodents tare da LPS yana haifar da kunna microglia wanda ke nuna ta hanyar gyaran siffar su da tsarin salula da kuma canje-canje mai zurfi a cikin bayanan da aka rubuta, ciki har da haɓakar kwayoyin halitta da ke ɓoye cytokines ko enzymes, wanda ke shafar hanyoyin sadarwar neuronal Ayyukan 22, 23, 24.
Nazarin tasirin bayyanar kai na sa'o'i 2 guda ɗaya zuwa GSM-1800 MHz EMF a cikin berayen da aka yi wa LPS, mun gano cewa siginar GSM yana haifar da martanin salula a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, yana shafar maganganun kwayoyin halitta, phosphorylation mai karɓar mai karɓar glutamate, ƙwayoyin Meta-nevoked da harbe-harbe da kuma ilimin halittar jiki na ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin microsebralts ba a gano ba. An sami bayyanar GSM guda ɗaya, yana ba da shawarar cewa yanayin LPS da ke haifar da neuroinflammatory yana haɓaka ƙwayoyin CNS zuwa siginar GSM.Mayar da hankali ga ƙwayar jijiya (ACx) na berayen da aka yi wa LPS, inda SAR na gida ya kai 1.55 W / kg, mun lura cewa bayyanar GSM ya haifar da karuwa a tsayi ko reshe na ragewa a cikin matakai na microglial. Karfafawa 28.
A cikin binciken na yanzu, mun yi nufin bincika ko bayyanar kai-kawai ga siginar LTE-1800 MHz kuma na iya canza yanayin yanayin halittar microglial da ayyukan neuronal a cikin ACx, rage ƙarfin bayyanar da kashi biyu cikin uku. Mun nuna a nan cewa siginar LTE ba ta da tasiri a kan matakan microglial amma har yanzu yana haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin ayyukan cortical da aka fitar da sauti a cikin ƙimar ACx na WPS tare da ƙimar WPS-5.
An ba da shaidar da ta gabata cewa fallasa ga GSM-1800 MHz ya canza yanayin halittar microglial a ƙarƙashin yanayin pro-mai kumburi, mun bincika wannan tasirin bayan bayyanar siginar LTE.
An yi wa berayen manya allura tare da LPS 24 hours kafin kai-kawai bayyanar sham ko fallasa zuwa LTE-1800 MHz. Bayan bayyanarwa, LPS-haɗaɗɗen amsawar neuroinflammatory an kafa su a cikin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa, kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar haɓakar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma canje-canje a cikin ƙwayoyin microglia na cortical microglia (Figure 1) SAR da aka fallasa shi a matsakaicin matakin WTE0. ACx (Hoto 2) .Don sanin ko LPS-activated microglia sun kasance masu amsawa ga LTE EMF, mun bincika sassan cortical da aka lalata tare da anti-Iba1 waɗanda ke zabar waɗannan kwayoyin halitta. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 3a, a cikin sassan ACx da aka gyara 3 zuwa 4 hours bayan sham ko LTE fallasa, microglia ya dubi kama-da-wane-mai kumburi da LTE, wanda ke nuna wani nau'i mai kama da kwayar cutar LTE. (Hoto 1) .Ya dace da rashin amsawar kwayoyin halitta, ƙididdigar hoto na ƙididdiga ya nuna babu wani bambance-bambance mai mahimmanci a cikin jimlar yanki (t-test ba tare da haɗin gwiwa ba, p = 0.308) ko yanki (p = 0.196) da yawa (p = 0.061) na Iba1 immunoreactivity lokacin da kwatanta bayyanar da dabbobin Ibats cell-rasustained a cikin L. Fig. 3 b-d).
Hanyoyin allurar LPS ip akan ƙwayoyin cuta na cortical microglia.Ra'ayi na wakilci na microglia a cikin wani yanki na coronal na cerebral cortex (yankin dorsomedial) 24 hours bayan intraperitoneal allura na LPS ko abin hawa (control) .Cell sun lalace tare da anti-Iba1 antibody kamar yadda aka kwatanta a baya. na tsarin salula, yana haifar da bayyanar "mai yawa-kamar". Matsakaicin girman: 20 µm.
Binciken dosimetric na takamaiman ƙimar sha (SAR) a cikin kwakwalwar bera yayin fallasa zuwa 1800 MHz LTE.A baya an kwatanta nau'ikan ƙirar fatalwar bera da eriya62 don tantance SAR gida a cikin kwakwalwa, tare da grid cubic 0.5 mm3. jiki.(b) Rarraba darajar SAR a cikin kwakwalwar balagagge a 0.5 mm3 ƙuduri na sararin samaniya. Yankin da aka ƙayyade ta hanyar baƙar fata a cikin sagittal sashe ya dace da ƙananan ƙwayar jijiya na farko inda ake nazarin aikin microglial da neuronal. Ma'auni mai launi na darajar SAR ya shafi duk simulations na lambobi da aka nuna a cikin adadi.
LPS-allurar microglia a cikin bera auditory cortex bin LTE ko Sham fallasa.(a) Wakili stacked view of microglia stained with anti-Iba1 antibody in coronal sections of LPS-perfused bera auditory cortex 3 zuwa 4 hours bayan Sham ko LTE fallasa (bayyanannu) .Scale bar: 20 µm µm. sham (bude ɗigo) ko bayyanar LTE (bayyana, dige baƙi).(b, c) Siffar ɗaukar hoto (b) na alamar microglia Iba1 da wuraren Iba1-positive cell jikin (c) .Data wakiltar anti-Iba1 tabo yankin daidaitawa zuwa ma'ana daga Sham- fallasa dabbobi. (n = 6) dabbobi ba su da mahimmanci (p> 0.05, t-test ba a haɗa su ba) .Na sama da kasa na akwatin, layi na sama da ƙananan suna wakiltar 25th-75th percentile da 5-95th percentile.
Tebur 1 yana taƙaita lambobin dabba da rikodin raka'a da yawa da aka samu a cikin rukunin jigon jigon farko na ƙungiyoyin berayen huɗu (Sham, Exposed, Sham-LPS, Exposed-LPS) .A cikin sakamakon da ke ƙasa, mun haɗa da duk rikodin da ke nuna babban filin karɓa na ɗan lokaci (STRF), watau, sautin-sautin amsawa aƙalla 6 daidaitattun ƙididdiga (duba ma'auni mafi girma fiye da ma'auni 6). 1) Yin amfani da wannan ma'auni, mun zaɓi rikodin 266 don ƙungiyar Sham, 273 rikodin ga ƙungiyar Exposed, 299 rikodin ƙungiyar Sham-LPS, da kuma 295 rikodin ga ƙungiyar Exposed-LPS.
A cikin sakin layi na gaba, za mu fara bayyana ma'aunin da aka samo daga filin karɓa na lokaci-lokaci (wato, amsa ga sautuna masu tsabta) da kuma mayar da martani ga xenogeneic ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙididdiga. jere a cikin Tebur 1), amma duk tasirin da aka bayyana a ƙasa an dogara ne akan adadin matsayi a kowace ƙungiya. Jimlar adadin rikodin rikodi da yawa da aka tattara (jeri na uku a cikin Tebur 1).
Hoto na 4a yana nuna mafi kyawun rarraba mita (BF, ƙaddamar da amsa mafi girma a 75 dB SPL) na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da aka samu a cikin LPS da aka yi wa Sham da dabbobin da aka fallasa. An kara yawan adadin BF a cikin ƙungiyoyin biyu daga 1 kHz zuwa 36 kHz. Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga ta nuna cewa waɗannan rabe-raben sun kasance irin wannan (chi-square.27). samfurin son zuciya.
Sakamakon bayyanar LTE akan ƙididdige sigogi na martani na cortical a cikin dabbobin da aka bi da su. (* p <0.05, t-gwajin da ba a haɗa shi ba) a cikin duka STRF (ƙarfin amsawa duka) da mafi kyawun mitoci (b,c) .Lokacin amsawa, bandwidth mai amsawa, da bandwidth akai-akai (df) . Dukansu ƙarfin da amincin na ɗan lokaci na amsawa ga muryoyin murya sun ragu (g, h) . t-test).(j,k) Tasirin bayyanar LTE akan ƙofofin cortical.Ma'anar ƙofofin sun kasance mafi girma a cikin berayen da aka fallasa LTE idan aka kwatanta da berayen da aka fallasa.
Figures 4b-f suna nuna rarraba sigogi da aka samo daga STRF don waɗannan dabbobin (ma'anar da aka nuna ta layin ja) . Sakamakon bayyanar LTE akan dabbobin da aka yi wa LPS ya bayyana don nuna raguwar haɓakar neuronal. Na farko, ƙarfin amsawa gaba ɗaya da amsa sun kasance mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin BF idan aka kwatanta da dabbobin Sham-LPS (Fig. 4b, c unpaired, 1 p7t.0; p7t.0). 0.0445) .Hakazalika, martani ga sautunan sadarwa sun ragu a duka ƙarfin amsawa da amincin tsaka-tsakin gwaji (Fig. 4g, h; t-test ba tare da haɗin gwiwa ba, p = 0.043) . An rage yawan ayyukan da ba ta dace ba, amma wannan tasirin ba shi da mahimmanci (Fig. 4i; p = 0.0745) amsawa, da kuma tasirin LTE da ba da amsawa a cikin LTE ba da amsawa. (Hoto 4d-f), yana nuna cewa zaɓin mita da daidaitattun martanin farko ba su shafi bayyanar LTE a cikin dabbobin da aka yi wa LPS ba.
Mu na gaba mun kimanta ko an canza madaidaicin sautin cortical kofa ta hanyar bayyanar LTE. Daga yankin amsawar mita (FRA) da aka samu daga kowane rikodi, mun ƙaddara matakan sauraron sauraron kowane mita kuma mun ƙaddamar da waɗannan matakan don ƙungiyoyin dabbobin biyu. Hoto 4j yana nuna ma'anar (± sem) kofa daga 1.1 zuwa 36-kHz na duba ra'ayi na L.Compared na L.Comparent. Sham da fallasa kungiyoyi sun nuna babban karuwa a cikin dabbobin da aka fallasa a cikin ƙananan dabbobi (<2.25 KHz), da rabo wanda aka fi sani, yayin da aka sami sakamako wanda aka fice, yayin da yake da ƙimar ƙasa mai matsakaici ne. = 43.85; p <0.0001; Hoto na 4k, Hoton hagu). An ga irin wannan tasiri a tsakiyar mita (2.25
Sakamakon bayyanar LTE akan ƙididdigar ƙididdiga na martani na cortical a cikin dabbobi masu lafiya. da kuma mafi kyawun mitoci (b,c) .Akwai ɗan ƙara ƙarar lokacin amsawa (d), amma babu canji a cikin bandwidth na amsawa da bandwidth (e, f). ƙofofin.
Figures 5b-f suna nuna nau'i-nau'i masu wakiltar rarrabawa da ma'ana (layin ja) na sigogi da aka samo daga nau'i biyu na STRF. A cikin dabbobi masu lafiya, LTE bayyanar kanta ba ta da tasiri a kan ma'anar darajar STRF. = 0.2176, da p = 0.8696 bi da bi) . Har ila yau, babu wani tasiri a kan bandwidth mai ban mamaki da latency (p = 0.6764 da p = 0.7129, bi da bi), amma akwai karuwa mai yawa a tsawon lokacin amsawa (p = 0.047) Amincewar tsaka-tsakin gwaji na waɗannan martani (Fig. 5h, p = 0.3412), da kuma aiki na gaggawa (Fig. 5) .5i; p = 0.3256).
Hoto 5j yana nuna ma'anar ma'anar (± sem) daga 1.1 zuwa 36 kHz a cikin ratsan lafiya. Bai nuna bambanci mai mahimmanci tsakanin sham da ratsan da aka fallasa ba, sai dai dan kadan kadan a cikin dabbobin da aka fallasa a cikin ƙananan ƙananan (11-36 kHz) (t-test ba tare da haɗin gwiwa ba, p = 0.0083, wannan tasiri a cikin dabbobin da aka nuna a gaskiya). 18.312, p = 0.001; Fig. 5k), akwai wasu wurare masu ƙanana da matsakaici da matsakaici (yayin da manyan bakin zaren) suke) karancin neurons).
A ƙarshe, lokacin da aka fallasa dabbobi masu lafiya zuwa LTE, babu wani tasiri a kan ƙarfin amsawa ga sautuna masu tsabta da kuma hadaddun sautuna kamar sauti. Bugu da ƙari kuma, a cikin dabbobi masu lafiya, kofofin sauraron murya na cortical sun kasance daidai tsakanin dabbobin da aka fallasa da dabbobin sham, yayin da a cikin dabbobin da aka yi wa LPS, bayyanar LTE ya haifar da karuwa mai yawa a cikin matakan cortical, musamman a cikin ƙananan iyaka da matsakaici.
Bincikenmu ya nuna cewa a cikin manya berayen namiji yana fuskantar matsanancin ingancin martani na farko. Lte a kan Ba a lura da tsananin martani na cortical evoked ba a cikin berayen lafiya.La'akari da kamance a cikin mafi kyawun rarraba mitar tsakanin raka'a rikodin a cikin LTE da aka fallasa da dabbobin sham, ana iya danganta bambance-bambance a cikin amsawar neuronal zuwa tasirin nazarin halittu na siginar LTE maimakon samfurin nuna son rai (Fig. 4a) . wanda, mai yuwuwa, an zana waɗannan rikodi daga nau'ikan cortical guda ɗaya, waɗanda ke cikin ACx na farko maimakon na sakandare.
Don saninmu, tasirin siginar LTE akan martanin neuronal ba a ba da rahoto a baya ba. Duk da haka, binciken da aka yi a baya ya rubuta ikon GSM-1800 MHz ko 1800 MHz ci gaba da igiyar ruwa (CW) don canza haɓakar haɓakar neuronal, kodayake tare da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci dangane da tsarin gwaji.Ba da daɗewa ba bayan fallasa zuwa 1800 SAR MHz matakin CW a matakin 8. Ganglia ya nuna raguwar ƙofofin don haifar da ƙarfin aiki da daidaita yanayin yanayin. An samu neurons a SAR na 9.2 W/kg.Binciken amsa-kashi-kashi ya nuna cewa GSM-1800 MHz ya fi tasiri fiye da 1800 MHz CW a cikin dakatar da fashe ayyukan, yana nuna cewa martanin neuronal ya dogara da daidaitawar siginar RF.
A cikin saitin mu, an tattara martani na cortical a cikin vivo 3 zuwa 6 sa'o'i bayan 2-hour kai-kawai ya ƙare. 0.5 W/kg SARACx ya kasance ɗan ƙara karuwa a cikin tsawon lokacin amsawa a kan gabatar da sautuna masu tsabta. Wannan tasirin yana da wuyar bayyanawa saboda ba a tare da karuwa a cikin ƙarfin amsawa ba, yana nuna cewa wannan tsawon lokacin amsa yana faruwa tare da jimlar adadin ayyukan da aka yi amfani da su ta hanyar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Ɗaya daga cikin bayani na iya zama cewa bayyanar LTE na iya rage ayyukan wasu abubuwan hanawa, kamar yadda AC ta kasance a cikin abubuwan da aka hana shi a cikin abincin farko. yana sarrafa tsawon lokacin martanin sel na pyramidal wanda aka jawo ta hanyar shigarwar thalamic mai ban sha'awa33,34, 35, 36, 37.
Sabanin haka, a cikin berayen da aka yi wa LPS-haɗar neuroinflammation, bayyanar LTE ba ta da wani tasiri a kan tsawon lokacin sautin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin sauti, amma an gano tasiri mai mahimmanci akan ƙarfin amsawar da aka yi. sautuka masu tsabta da sauti na halitta .Raguwa a cikin ƙarfin amsawa ga sautuna masu tsabta ya faru ba tare da raguwa na ƙwanƙwasa na 75 dB ba, kuma tun da ya faru a duk ƙarfin sauti, ya haifar da karuwa a cikin ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cortical a ƙananan ƙananan da kuma tsakiyar mitoci.
Ragewar ƙarfin amsawar da aka haifar ya nuna cewa tasirin siginar LTE a SARACx na 0.5 W / kg a cikin dabbobin da aka yi wa LPS ya kasance daidai da na GSM-1800 MHz da aka yi amfani da shi sau uku mafi girma SARACx (1.55 W / kg) 28 LPS-triggered neuroinflammation.A cikin layi tare da wannan hasashe, mun kuma lura da wani yanayi na rage yawan amincin gwaji na amsawar neuronal zuwa murya (Fig. 4h) da kuma rage ayyukan da ba a so ba (Fig. 4i) .Duk da haka, yana da wuya a ƙayyade a cikin vivo ko siginar LTE yana rage haɓakar haɓakawa na ciki na ciki ko rage karfin shigar da AC.
Na farko, waɗannan raƙuman martani na iya zama saboda raguwar haɓakar haɓakar ƙwayoyin cortical bayan bayyanar da LTE 1800 MHz. Taimakawa wannan ra'ayin, GSM-1800 MHz da 1800 MHz-CW sun rage yawan fashe lokacin da aka yi amfani da su kai tsaye zuwa al'adun farko na ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta tare da matakan SAR na 3.24, W/k da girmamawa, W/kg. Ana buƙatar matakin SAR kofa don rage fashe ayyukan ƙwarai.Da yake ba da shawara don rage tashin hankali, mun kuma lura da ƙananan ƙimar harbe-harbe ba tare da bata lokaci ba fiye da na dabbobin da aka fallasa.
Na biyu, bayyanar LTE kuma na iya rinjayar watsawar synaptic daga thalamo-cortical ko cortical-cortical synapses. Yawancin bayanai yanzu sun nuna cewa, a cikin cortex na auditory, ba a ƙayyade girman girman sauti ba kawai ta hanyar tsinkayar thalamic na afferent, amma haɗin haɗin intracortical yana ba da ƙarin shigarwar bayanai zuwa shafukan yanar gizo na corticals39, ST da aka fallasa. da kuma dabbobin da aka fallasa su a kaikaice sun nuna cewa tasirin LTE ba su da tasiri akan haɗin gwiwar cortical-cortical. Wannan kuma yana nuna cewa haɗin kai mafi girma a wasu yankuna na cortical da aka fallasa a SAR fiye da aunawa a ACx (Fig. 2) mai yiwuwa ba zai da alhakin mayar da martani da aka ruwaito a nan.
A nan, mafi girma rabo na LPS-bayyanar rikodin rikodi ya nuna babban ƙofa idan aka kwatanta da LPS-sham- fallasa dabbobi. Ganin cewa an ba da shawarar cewa ƙofa na cortical acoustic ana sarrafa shi da farko ta ƙarfin thalamo-cortical synapse39,40, ana iya tsammanin cewa thalamo-cortical an rage shi ta hanyar watsawa, ko dai an rage shi ta hanyar watsawa. matakin postsynaptic (rage lambar mai karɓa ko kusanci).
Hakazalika da sakamakon GSM-1800 MHz, LTE-induced sauye-sauye na neuronal martani ya faru a cikin mahallin LPS-triggered neuroinflammation, wanda aka kwatanta da amsawar microglial. Shaida na yanzu yana nuna cewa microglia yana da tasiri mai karfi akan ayyukan cibiyoyin sadarwa na neuronal a cikin al'ada da kuma kwakwalwar kwakwalwar cututtuka41,42,43. Ƙwararrun ƙwayoyin cuta na iya haifar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ba kawai zai iya haifar da haɓakawa ba. neurotransmission, amma kuma a kan babban motsi na tafiyar matakai na salula. A cikin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa, duka biyu sun karu da raguwar ayyukan cibiyoyin sadarwar neuronal suna haifar da saurin fadada yankin sararin samaniya saboda haɓakar tsarin microglial44,45. adenosine samar.
A cikin berayen da aka yi wa LPS da aka ƙaddamar da su zuwa GSM-1800 MHz tare da SARACx a 1.55 W/kg, raguwar ayyukan ACx neurons ya faru tare da haɓakar matakan microglial waɗanda ke alama da mahimman wuraren da aka lalatar da Iba1 a cikin ACx28. Amsa.Bincikenmu na yanzu yana jayayya da wannan hasashe a cikin mahallin LTE kai tsaye tare da SARACx iyakance zuwa 0.5 W / kg, kamar yadda muka sami wani karuwa a cikin yanki na sararin samaniya wanda aka rufe ta hanyar tsarin microglial. Duk da haka, wannan ba ya kawar da duk wani tasiri na LTE siginar a kan LPS-activated microglia, wanda zai iya bi da bi ya shafi aikin neuronal.Furtherarin karatu da ake bukata don ƙayyade wannan tambaya na neuroflammation da ake bukata domin sanin wannan tambaya na neuroflammation. martanin neuronal zuwa siginar LTE.
Don iliminmu, ba a yi nazarin tasirin siginar LTE akan sarrafa sauti ba a baya. Nazarinmu na baya 26,28 da kuma binciken na yanzu ya nuna cewa a cikin yanayin ƙumburi mai tsanani, bayyanar da kai kadai zuwa GSM-1800 MHz ko LTE-1800 MHz ya haifar da sauye-sauyen aiki a cikin amsawar neuronal a cikin ACx, kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar karuwa a cikin aikin ji a kalla ba zai shafi aiki guda biyu ba. Na farko, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin nazarin dosimetry da aka nuna a cikin Hoto 2, mafi girman matakan SAR (kusa da 1 W / kg) suna cikin dorsomedial cortex (a ƙasa da eriya), kuma suna raguwa sosai yayin da mutum yake motsawa a kai tsaye da kuma a gefe. Canal).Na biyu, lokacin da kunnuwa alade suka fallasa na tsawon watanni 2 a GSM 900 MHz (5 days/week, 1 hour/ day, SAR tsakanin 1 da 4 W/kg), babu wani canje-canjen da za a iya ganowa a cikin girman samfurin murdiya Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Watsawa da Auditory Braintem Responses0 ko Maimaitawa0 GSM. 1800 MHz a cikin SAR na gida na 2 W / kg bai shafi aikin ƙwayar gashi na waje na cochlear a cikin berayen lafiya48,49.Waɗannan sakamakon sun sake maimaita bayanan da aka samu a cikin mutane, inda bincike ya nuna cewa 10- zuwa 30-minti bayyanar EMF daga wayoyin salula na GSM ba shi da tasiri mai tasiri akan sarrafa sauti kamar yadda aka kiyasta a matakin cochlear. .
A cikin bincikenmu, an lura da canje-canjen firing neuronal na LTE a cikin vivo 3 zuwa 6 hours bayan da aka ƙare. Masu karɓar AMPA.La'akari da cewa cortex na ji yana da ƙananan ƙimar SAR (0.5W/kg) fiye da yankin dorsomedial (2.94W/kg26), canje-canje a cikin ayyukan neuronal da aka ruwaito a nan ya zama mai wucewa.
Ya kamata bayananmu suyi la'akari da ƙayyadaddun cancantar SAR da ƙididdiga na ainihin ƙimar SAR da aka samu a cikin kwakwalwar masu amfani da wayar hannu.Ma'auni na yanzu da ake amfani da su don kare jama'a sun saita iyakar SAR zuwa 2 W/kg don kai tsaye ko bayyanar da kai ga mitocin rediyo a cikin kewayon 100 kHz da 6 GHz RF.
Anyi amfani da simintin simulators ta amfani da nau'ikan kan ɗan adam daban-daban don tantance ƙarfin ƙarfin RF a cikin kyallen kai daban-daban a lokacin babban kai ko sadarwar wayar hannu. Baya ga bambance-bambancen samfuran kan ɗan adam, waɗannan simintin suna nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci ko rashin tabbas a cikin ƙididdige ƙarfin kuzarin da kwakwalwa ke sha dangane da sifofin jiki ko na tarihi kamar na waje ko na ciki na kwanyar, girman kai, ko bambancin shekarun jima'i. mutum 56,57,58.Bugu da ƙari, halayen wayar salula, kamar wurin ciki na eriya da matsayi na wayar salula dangane da kan mai amfani, yana tasiri sosai kan matakin da rarraba ƙimar SAR a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. 59, 60, ya bayyana cewa matakan SAR da aka samu a cikin ƙwayar jijiya na ɗan adam har yanzu ba a yi amfani da rabin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta mutum ba. Nazarinmu (SARACx 0.5 W/kg).Saboda haka, bayananmu ba su ƙalubalanci iyakokin halin yanzu na ƙimar SAR masu dacewa ga jama'a.
A ƙarshe, bincikenmu ya nuna cewa bayyanar kai ɗaya kawai zuwa LTE-1800 MHz yana tsoma baki tare da amsawar neuronal na cortical neurons zuwa abubuwan da suka dace da abubuwan da suka faru a baya na sakamakon siginar GSM, sakamakonmu yana nuna cewa tasirin LTE akan ayyukan neuronal ya bambanta ta hanyar kiwon lafiya. sarrafa cortical na abubuwan motsa jiki.
An tattara bayanai a cikin kwanakin 55 daga kwakwalwar kwakwalwa na 31 manya maza Wistar ratsan da aka samu a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na Janvier. An yi amfani da berayen a cikin wani zafi (50-55%) da kuma yanayin zafi (22-24 ° C) da aka sarrafa tare da hasken / duhu na 12 h / 12 h (fitilar wuta a 7: 30 na safe) tare da gwaji tare da ruwa kyauta jagororin da aka kafa ta Majalisar Dokokin Al'ummomin Turai (2010/63 / EU Council Directive), waɗanda suke kama da waɗanda aka bayyana a cikin Society for Neuroscience Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Neuroscience Research.Wannan yarjejeniya ta amince da Kwamitin Da'a na Paris-Sud da Cibiyar (CEEA N ° 59, Project 2014-292) ta hanyar amfani da Processor 2014-292. wannan kwamiti na 32-2011 da 34-2012.
An saba da dabbobi zuwa ɗakunan mallaka na aƙalla mako 1 kafin jiyya da bayyanar LPS (ko bayyanar da sham) zuwa LTE-EMF.
An yi wa beraye ashirin da biyu allura a cikin peritoneally (ip) tare da E. coli LPS (250 µg/kg, serotype 0127: B8, SIGMA) tare da saline isotonic mara kyau na bakararre 24 hours kafin LTE ko bayyanar sham (n kowace kungiya). = 11) . A cikin ratsan maza na Wistar na watanni 2, wannan magani na LPS yana haifar da amsawar neuroinflammatory wanda aka yi alama a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1ß, CCL2, NOX2, NOS2) an daidaita su da 24 hours bayan da 2-folds a cikin allura, ciki har da matakan LPS-4. shigar da NOX2 enzyme da interleukin 1ß, bi da bi. A wannan lokacin 24-h, cortical microglia ya nuna nau'in kwayar halitta "mai yawa" da ake tsammani ta hanyar LPS-triggered pro-inflammatory activation na sel (Hoto 1), wanda ya bambanta da kunnawa LPS ta wasu. Kunna pro-mai kumburin salula yayi daidai da 24, 61.
An yi amfani da kai-kawai ga LTE EMF ta amfani da saitin gwajin da aka yi amfani da shi a baya don kimanta tasirin GSM EMF26.LTE an yi amfani da shi a cikin sa'o'i 24 bayan allurar LPS (dabbobin 11) ko kuma babu magani na LPS (dabbobin 5) .An yi amfani da dabbobin da ba su da lafiya tare da ketamine / xylazine (ketamine 80 mg / kg, tabbatar da ip; 10 xylazine) don hana motsi da kuma ip; Shugaban dabba yana cikin eriyar madauki wanda ke fitar da siginar LTE mai sake fasalin wuri a ƙasa. Rabin berayen daga wannan keji suna aiki azaman masu sarrafawa (dabbobin sham-filla 11, daga cikin berayen 22 da aka riga aka yi da LPS): an sanya su ƙarƙashin eriyar madauki kuma an saita ƙarfin siginar LTE zuwa sifili. Nauyin da aka fallasa da sham, 5 - 0. ns) .Dukkan dabbobin da aka yi amfani da su an sanya su a kan katako mai zafi ba tare da ƙarfe ba don kula da zafin jiki a kusa da 37 ° C a duk lokacin gwajin. Kamar yadda a cikin gwaje-gwajen da suka gabata, an saita lokacin bayyanarwa zuwa sa'o'i 2. Bayan bayyanarwa, sanya dabba a kan wani katako mai zafi a cikin ɗakin aiki. An yi amfani da wannan hanyar da aka yi amfani da ita ga 10 ratsan lafiya (wanda ba a kula da shi ba tare da LPS), rabi daga cikinsu shine sham.9 (4) .
Tsarin watsawa ya kasance daidai da tsarin 25, 62 da aka bayyana a cikin binciken da suka gabata, tare da injin mitar rediyo wanda aka maye gurbinsa don samar da LTE maimakon GSM filayen lantarki. A taƙaice, wani janareta na RF (SMBV100A, 3.2 GHz, Rohde & Schwarz, Jamus) wanda ke fitar da LTE - 1800 MHz na lantarki, an haɗa shi zuwa filin wutar lantarki + HL2-4. Mini-Circuits, Amurka), mai kewayawa (D3 1719-N, Sodhy, Faransa), hanyar haɗin kai guda biyu (CD D 1824-2, - 30 dB, Sodhy, Faransa) da mai rarraba wutar lantarki guda huɗu (DC D 0922-4N, Sodhy, Faransa), ba da izini A lokaci guda Expose Power24 dabbobi, N. zuwa bidirectional coupler yarda ci gaba da aunawa da saka idanu na abin da ya faru da kuma nuna iko a cikin na'urar.Kowace fitarwa da aka haɗa zuwa madauki eriya (Sama-Sistemi srl; Roma), kunna partial daukan hotuna na dabba ta head.The madauki eriya kunshi wani buga kewaye da biyu karfe Lines (dielectric akai-akai εr = 4.6) kwarzana a kan wani insulating na'urar da fadi da wani insulating epotxy 1 na'urar. samar da zobe da aka sanya kusa da kan dabba.Kamar yadda a cikin binciken da ya gabata26,62, takamaiman ƙimar sha (SAR) an ƙaddara ta lambobi ta amfani da ƙirar bera na lambobi da kuma iyakacin iyaka lokacin yanki (FDTD) hanya63,64,65. An kuma ƙaddara su gwaji a cikin samfurin bera mai kama da juna ta hanyar amfani da Luxtron bincike ta amfani da SAR don auna ma'aunin zafin jiki. C ΔT / Δt, inda C shine ƙarfin zafi a cikin J / (kg K), ΔT, a cikin ° K da Δt Canjin Zazzabi, lokaci a cikin seconds. An kwatanta ƙimar SAR da aka ƙayyade tare da ƙimar SAR na gwaji da aka samu ta amfani da samfurin kama, musamman a daidai sassan kwakwalwar bera. Bambanci tsakanin ma'auni na SAR0 da aka gano ƙasa da gwajin SAR 3%.
Hoto 2a yana nuna rarrabawar SAR a cikin kwakwalwar bera a cikin ƙirar bera, wanda ya dace da rarraba dangane da nauyin jiki da girman berayen da aka yi amfani da su a cikin bincikenmu.Brain yana nufin SAR shine 0.37 ± 0.23 W / kg (ma'anar ± SD) SAR dabi'u sun fi girma a cikin yanki na cortical kusa da eriya na madauki. SAR ACx0.0 ± ya kasance a ACx. W/kg (ma'anar ± SD) (Fig. 2b) .Tun da nauyin jikin berayen da aka fallasa sun kasance daidai kuma bambance-bambance a cikin kauri na nama ba su da kyau, ainihin SAR na ACx ko wasu wuraren cortical ana sa ran su kasance kama da juna tsakanin dabba da aka fallasa da wani.
A ƙarshen fallasa, an ƙara dabbobi tare da ƙarin allurai na ketamine (20 mg / kg, ip) da xylazine (4 mg / kg, ip) har sai da ba a lura da motsin motsi ba bayan pinching na hind paw. An sanya maganin sa barci na gida (Xylocain 2%) a cikin fata da ɗan lokaci na ɗan lokaci a kan tsarin ƙwanƙwasa, kuma dabbobin suna dumama a jikin kwanyar. dabba a cikin stereotaxic frame, an yi wani craniotomy a kan hagu na wucin gadi na hagu. Kamar yadda a cikin bincikenmu na baya66, farawa daga mahaɗin na parietal da kasusuwa na lokaci, budewa ya kasance 9 mm fadi da 5 mm tsayi. An cire dura a sama da ACx a hankali a karkashin kulawar binocular ba tare da lalata tasoshin jini ba. gyara kan dabbar yayin yin rikodi. Sanya firam ɗin stereotaxic da ke goyan bayan dabbar a cikin ɗakin acoustic attenuation ɗakin (IAC, model AC1).
An samo bayanai daga rikodin raka'a da yawa a cikin ƙananan ƙwayar jiyya na 20 na farko, ciki har da dabbobi 10 da aka riga aka yi da LPS. An samo rikodin rikodi na waje daga tsararrun lantarki na 16 tungsten (TDT, ø: 33 µm, <1 MΩ) wanda ya ƙunshi layuka biyu na 8 electrodes tsakanin 100m electrodes tsakanin 100 µm electrodes tsakanin 100 m 100 μm. guda jere).Wayar azurfa (ø: 300 µm) don ƙasa an saka shi a tsakanin kashi na wucin gadi da dura mai rikitarwa. Wurin da aka kiyasta na ACx na farko shine 4-7 mm na baya zuwa bregma da 3 mm ventral zuwa suture na sama. The raw siginar da aka kara girman 10,000 sau 10,000 da TD-channel data aiwatar da Multi-channel. (RX5, TDT) .Ayyukan da aka tattara daga kowane lantarki an tace su (610-10,000 Hz) don cire ayyuka masu yawa (MUA) .Trigger matakan an saita su a hankali ga kowane lantarki (ta hanyar mawallafin makafi don fallasa ko sham- fallasa jihohin) don zaɓar mafi girman damar aiki daga siginar. ta 3 zuwa 6 neurons kusa da na'urorin lantarki. A farkon kowane gwaji, mun saita matsayi na ƙirar lantarki ta yadda layuka biyu na na'urori takwas za su iya samar da nau'i na neurons, daga ƙananan amsawar mita mai girma lokacin da aka yi a cikin daidaitawar rostral.
An samar da abubuwan motsa jiki na Acoustic a cikin Matlab, ana aika su zuwa tsarin watsa sauti na RP2.1 (TDT) kuma an aika zuwa lasifikar Fostex (FE87E) .An sanya lasifikar 2 cm daga kunnen dama na bera, wanda nisa na'urar ta samar da madaidaicin mitar mita (± 340 kHz) tsakanin . An yi gyare-gyare ta hanyar yin amfani da amo da sautuna masu tsabta da aka rubuta tare da Bruel da Kjaer microphone 4133 tare da preamplifier B&K 2169 da mai rikodin dijital Marantz PMD671. An ƙaddara filin karɓar lokaci na Spectral (STRF) ta amfani da 97 gamma-tone mitoci, rufe 8 (0.14-36 kHz a random a oda SPL). 4.15 Hz. Ana ƙaddamar da Yankin Amsa Mitar (FRA) ta amfani da saitin sautunan guda ɗaya kuma an gabatar da su a cikin tsari bazuwar a 2 Hz daga 75 zuwa 5 dB SPL. Ana gabatar da kowane mita sau takwas a kowane ƙarfin.
An kuma tantance martani ga abubuwan motsa jiki na halitta.A cikin binciken da suka gabata, mun lura cewa ba da daɗewa ba za a iya ba da amsa mai ƙarfi a cikin ACx, ba tare da la'akari da mafi kyawun yanayin neuronal (BF), yayin da takamaiman takamaiman xenograft (misali, tsuntsun songbird ko muryar alade) yawanci Taswirar sautin gabaɗaya. furucin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin 36 an haɗa shi zuwa 1 s na abubuwan motsa jiki, an gabatar da shi sau 25).
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Lokacin aikawa: Juni-23-2022
